System for loading generators



A ril 13, 1937. E PEAR N 2,076,588

SYSTEM FOR LOADING GENERATORS Original Filed Aug. 19, 1931 7Sheets-Sheet 1 m I0, I05 gwuentoz fl) Erick Pearson Q (foil April 13,1937. E. PEARSON 2,076,588

SYSTEM FOR LOADING GENERATORS Original Filed Aug. 19, 1931 7Sheets-Sheet 2 gnuemk'oz/ E liCk. Pears on,

April 13, 1937. E. PEARSON SYSTEM FOR LOADING GENERATORS Original FiledAug. 19, 1931 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Efick @earson April 13, 1937. E. PEARSONSYSTEM FOR LOADING GENERATORS Original Filed Aug. 19, 1931 7Sheets-Sheet 4 1 Q '3 jaw/em Pearson MN MW April 1937- E. PEARSON SYSTEMFOR LOADING GENERATORS Original Filed Aug. 19, 1931 7 Sheets-Sheet 5n-uenfcw Erick Dem eon April 13, 1937. E. PEARSON 2,076,588

SYSTEM FOR LOADING GENERATORS Original Filed Aug. 19, 1931 '7'Sheets-Sheet 7 m7 t 483 I22 ay 5.3 2 Q 502 5/5 r526 5Z3 5 I 4 5 U D fi 7L H6. gwvwntoz Erick Pearson Patented Apr. 13, 1937 SYSTEM FOR LOADINGGENERATORS Erick Pearson, Chicago, Ill.

Application August 19, 1931, Serial No. 558,024

Renewed November 16, 1934 18 Claims.

My invention relates to systems for loading generators and has for itsobject to provide a system in which a generator may be automaticallyloaded.

An object of the invention resides in providing a system in which theloading of the generator is accomplished through the adjustment of thegovernor for the prime mover thereof.

Another object of the invention resides in providing a system in whichthe generator is caused to take on load after the same has beensynchronized with and connected to a distribution system.

A still further object of the invention resides in providing a system inwhich the speed control member of the governor is adjusted to cause thegenerator to change the load taken by the generator.

An object of the invention resides in providing :30 a device forbringing the generator up to synchronous speed, said device alsooperating upon the speed control member of the governor.

Another object of the invention resides in providing a system in whichthe two devices are independently operable so as to not interfere withone another.

Another object of the invention resides in pro viding a system in whichthe device for bringing the generator up to synchronous speed remains atits synchronous position when the load pickup device is operated.

A still further object of the invention resides in providing two membersengaging the speed control spring of the governor, one of said membersbeing free from the other to move independently thereof and in utilizingthe tree member for causing the generator to pick up load and the othermember for bringing the generator into synchronous speed.

Another object of the invention resides in providing an adjusting memberoperable between fixed limits for engaging the speed control spring tovary the resiliency thereof and, also a gradually adjustable adjustingmember for further varying the resiliency of the speed control spring,

said gradually adjustable member being utilized for bringing thegenerator into synchronous speed and said other named adjusting memberbeing utilized to cause the generator to take on load.

Another object of the invention resides in providing a solenoid forcausing the generator to take on load, said solenoid being renderedoperable upon the connection of the generator to the system.

A still further object of the invention resides in providing fluidoperated means for adjusting the speed control member of the governor tocause the generator to take on load when the generator is connected tothe distribution system.

Another object of the invention resides in providing linkage foroperating the speed control member of the governor when the generator isconnected to the distribution system.

An object of the invention resides in providing a system having twosources of supply or electrical energy, and in further providing meansin the system for causing one of the sources to deliver power inaccordance with the power delivered by the other source.

Another object of the invention resides in providing a system includinga generator and a prime mover together with a source of fluid foroperating the prime mover and in further providing a loading device forchanging the amount of energy delivered by said generator in accordancewith the amount of fluid available for the operation of said primemover.

An object of the invention resides in providing a loading device adaptedto control theoperation of the generator governor and in furtherproviding means responsive to load conditions of the distributionsystemfor operating said loading device.

Another object of the invention resides in providing a movable stop forengagement with the speed control member of the governor, in providingmeans for holding the stop from movement and in providing releasingmeans for releasing said holding means.

Another object of the invention. resides in providing in conjunctionwith the control means of the governor, means for periodically operatingthe control means.

A still further object of the invention resides in providing meansresponsive to one value of power delivered by the system for operatingsaid control means and means responsive to another value of powerdelivered by the system for rendering the control means inoperable.

A feature of the invention resides in providing a gradually adjustableload control device and gradually operable means responsive to theamount of power delivered by the system for adjusting said load controldevice to cause the generator to assume a load proportional to the powerdelivered by the system.

Another object of the invention resides in providing means responsive tothe power delivered by the system for limiting the actuation of the loadcontrol device.

A still further object of the invention resides in providing a powerresponsive member and a current responsive member operable to controlthe current of another current responsive member to cause the gradualadjustment of the load control device.

Other objects of the invention reside in the novel combination andarrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafterillustrated and/or described.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a wiring diagram illustrating an embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of a portion of thegovernor illustrating the loading device of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a wiring diagram showing a modification of the inventionillustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an elevational sectional view of a modification of the devicefor operating the loading device of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a modification of the invention shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a wiring diagram of a system-in which loading is procured inaccordance with the power delivered by another source of energy supply.

Fig. 7 is a wiring diagram of a system similar to that shown in Fig. 6in which the gate of the prime mover of one generator is proportional tothe amount of power delivered by another source of electrical energy.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view of the clutchmechanism used with the invention shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a portion of the structure shown in Fig.8.

Fig. 10 is an end view of the structure shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the limiting mechanism ofthe invention detached from the governor.

Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 11 of the compensating mechanism ofthe invention detached from the governor.

Fig. 13 is a wiring diagram similar to Fig. '7 illustrating a system inwhich a loading of the generator is procured proportional to the powerdelivered by the distribution system.

Hg. 1 is a sectional detail view of the motor clutch mechanism of theinvention shown in Fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a perspective detail view of the limiting mechanism of theinvention detached from,

the governor.

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic view illustrating still another embodiment ofmy invention.

Fig. 17 is a vertical sectional view of one of the valves in theoperating mechanism therefor.

Fig. 18 is a vertical sectional view of another valve of the section.

This application is a continuation in part of my application for patent,Serial No. 695,153, filed February 26, 1924 for Automatic synchronizers,now Patent No. 1,820,319, of which application a division Serial No.489,333 has been filed September 8, 3.930 (now United States LettersPatent No. 2,020,326), said patents claiming certain features of thedisclosures common to them and to this application. Said Patent2,020,326 broadly claims the use of speed regulating devices in which afirst means is employed for obtaining a matching speed, and thesuperseding of this first means when the plant comes under load, wherebysaid first means may maintain its adjustment during the generaloperating period of the plant and thus be ready to establish a new speedmatching quickly at the next starting period. The present applicationclaims broadly certain features of metering, load proportioning andplant control upon a proportioning basis; and specifically a type ofspeed regulation in which the plant is brought to matching speed byfirst means which are then superseded by means responsive to the loaddemand of the associated system.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have shown adistribution line A having phases i, 2 and 3 and a generator line Bhaving phases I, 2 and 3. The generator line B is connected to agenerator D provided with a field coil 31 which may be excited in anywell known manner. This generator may be driven through a prime mover Fof any well known construction such as a water wheel, internalcombustion engine or steam turbine. In the drawings it has been assumedthat the prime mover F is a water wheel.

A circuit breaker 38 is employed for connecting the generator line B tothe distribution system A. This circuit breaker comprises an operatingmember 39 adapted to be actuated through a solenoid 5. The operatingmember 39 is adapted to close three switches 40, which connect thegenerator line to the distribution system. In addition, the operatingmember 39 operates a contact bar 4 which is adapted to engage threefixed contacts 8, 9 and I 5 and to connect these three contactstogether. The contact bar 4 is further adapted to engage two othercontacts 6 and T when moved in the opposite direction, which contactsare elongated so as to maintain the circuits therethrough closed untilthe circuit breaker is substantially closed.

For the purpose of controlling the operating of the generator D, agovernor C is employed which is adapted to regulate the amount of waterdelivered to the prime mover F. The governor C may be of any suitableconstruction and a governor of the flyball type has been illustrated.This governor comprises a rotatable spindle 4! adapted to bereciprocated along a guide 42 by means of the usual flyballs 43. Thesefiyballs are pivotally connected to a yoke 44 mounted on a sleeve 45,which sleeve 45 is driven through gearing 46 from any suitable source ofpower such as a motor operated from the generator or a direct mechanicaldrive from the generator or prime mover. The spindle 4! is adapted toengage a cap 47 secured to the speeder rod 108 of the governor whichconstitutes the control member of the governor. The rod N18 is slidablymounted in a tubular guide or sleeve 48 which is connected to thecompensating mechanism of the governor and is adapted to be movedthrough movement of the gate or other structure controlled by thegovernor. The sleeve 48 is threaded as indicated at 50 to receive a nut5| having a cup 52 thereon formed with worm teeth 53 upon the outerperiphery thereof. The teeth 53 are adapted to mesh with a worm 54 faston a shaft 55 journalled in the frame 49. The shaft 55 has attached toit a spur gear 56 which meshes with a spur pinion 51 secured to anothershaft 58. This shaft is operated by the speed matching device of theinvention as will be presently described in detail. Within the cup 52 isslidably mounted a cylinder 59 which is formed at its inner end with aninwardly extending shoulder 60 adapted to form a seat for a compressioncoil spring 6| encircling the sleeve 48. The spring Oi is further seatedat its other end against the cap 41. The seat 88 is adapted to engagethe inner end of the nut and may be raised and lowered through a flange82 formed on the other end thereof.

For raising and lowering the sleeve 58, a lever 84 is employed which ispivoted as indicated at 85 to a bracket I81 attached to the sleeve 48 ofthe governor proper. This lever has pivoted to it, a link 88 which inturn is pivoted to a bell crank 81. The bell crank is mounted foroscillation in a bracket 88 formed on the case 48 of the governor and isadapted to be operated through the plunger 88 of a solenoid 18. Thesolenoid 18 includes a coil 1| connected in a manner to be presentlydescribed in detail. The plunger 88 of the solenoid 18 is connectedthrough an adjustable coupling 12 with an operating rod 13 which ispivoted to the bell crank 81. Through this adjustable coupling, themovement of the sleeve 59 may be accurately determined.

For operating the shaft 58, a number of different devices may beemployed, though I have found that a motor similar to an ordinary synchroscope, which I have indicated at 83 may be advantageously employed,Such construction being similar to that disclosed in my copendingapplication for patent, Serial No. 480,333, filed September 8, 1930,will not be described in detail. This motor is provided with commonterminals 14 and 15 which are connected together and with a terminal 18for connection to one source of energy supply. The motor 83 is furtherprovided with terminals 11,and "which are connected through leads I23and I24 to a resistance and a reactance indicated at 18, which have acommon terminal 88. This motor operates at a speed depending upon thedifference in frequency of the voltages of the generator anddistribution system and in a direction depending upon which of thefrequencies thereof is the greater. This motor serves to rotate theshaft 58 and to adjust the position of the nut 5| to vary the springtension and to cause the governor to control the speed of the generatorand to match the frequency of the generator with that of thedistribution system.

In conjunction with the device for adiusting the speed setting mechanismof the governor, I employ an ordinary synchronizing device which I haveindicated in its entirety at E. This device may be constructed in anysuitable manner as for example as disclosed in my copending applicationabove referred to. This synchronizing device includes a synchroscope 8|which is provided with a shaft 82, and which is connected with acontrolling device indicated in its entirety at 83. The synchroscope 8|further includes a resistance-and a reactance indicated at I I4 whichare connected to two of the terminals 5 and N8 of said synchroscopethrough leads |2I and I22. Two other terminals H1 and 8 are the commonterminals of the synchroscope. A terminal I I8 of the synchroscope isconnected to the generator line while the common terminal I28 thereof isconnected to the resistance and reactance H4 and to the distributionline.

The controlling device 83 comprises a rotating member 84 rotatablymounted upon a base 85 and driven through the shaft 82. This member isconstructed with a segmental contact strip 88 which is adapted to beengaged with the free ends 81 and 88 of the two contact arms 88 and 88.The ends 81 and 88 are insulated from the arms 89 and 98 as designateddiagrammatically in the drawings. The contact arms 88 and 88 are pivotedto a bar 8| which is connected to a bar 82 attached to base 85. The bar8| may be moved along said bracket through an adjusting screw 83 wherebythe arc of the segment 88, spanned by contact bars 81 and 88 may bevaried at will. The arms 88 and 88 are normally held together through atension coil spring 84. As the member 84 rotates, a circuit isestablished through the contacts 81 and 88, the duration of whichdepends upon the position of said arms and the rapidity of the rotationof the shaft 82 of the synchroscope 8 I.

In conjunction with the circuit breaker 38, a magnetically operatedcircuit closer 85 is employed which is adapted to be closed through asolenoid 88. This circuit closer includes four switches 81, 88, 88 andI88 which are adapted to be simultaneously closed upon operation of thecoil 88 of said circuit closer.

For the purpose of providing electrical current for operating the switch85, and likewise circuit breaker 38, a transformer I8I is employed whichhas its primary connected through leads I82 with the phases I and 2 ofthe generator line B. The secondary of this transformer is connected toa control line I83 which includes leads I5 and I8 of which the lead I8is connected to switches 81 and 88 of circuit closer 85 and of which thelead I5 is connected to the switch 38 of relay 28. In the circuit I83 isdisposed overload relays 3| and 32 which are connected through suitablecurrent transformers I84 and I85 to the generator line B. These relaysnormally retain the circuit through the line I83 closed, but an overloadopens said circuit in the usual manner. The actuation of these devicesbeing well understood and not constituting an important part of theinvention, have but been briefly described.

In order to start the system in operation, I employ a solenoid I88 whichis adapted to open a valve which subjects the mechanism of the governorto the fluid under pressure, utilized for operating the same. Uponoperation of the governor, the valve or gate controlling the flow ofwater to the water wheel is opened, setting the prime mover F intooperation. This construction being well known in the art and forming noparticular part of this invention has not been described in detail. Foroperating solenoid I88, I employ a circuit |88-I I8, which is providedwith a starting switch I, and which may be energized from any suitablesource of electric current. The switch III may be disposed remotely fromthe plant to permit of operating the system by remote control or thesame may be conveniently located in the power plant. The switch III ismaintained closed as long as the generator to be cut in is desired tooperate and, upon opening switch III, the entire mechanism is cut outand the supply of water to the turbine shut off. In the circuit I83 isconnected the normally open switch 38 of a relay 28, whose coil 2 isadapted to be energized from the circuit I88||8 when the switch II I isclosed. This relay closes the circuit through line I83 and bringscurrent up to the circuit closer 85. I

The synchronizer E is energized as follows: The primary of a transformerI I3 is connected to phases and 2 of the distribution line A. Thesecondary of this transformer is connected through conductors I|4 withthe two switches 88 and 88 of circuit closer 85 so that when saidcircuit closer is closed, one conductor of each of the transformers H3and III are connected together. The

common connection I20 of the resistance and reactance indicated at H4 isconnected to a. common lead ll which in turn is connected to switch 95and also to the common terminal 80 of the resistance and reactance IS.The connection I I9 of the synchroscope 8| is connected to a conductorl3 which is further connected to switch iilll of the circuit closer 95.The common termirials ill and H8 of the synchroscope BI are connectedthrough two conductors II and 23 with the lead I6 of the control lineI03. Upon closing said circuit closer 95 current flows from thetransformer H3 through the two switches 93 and 99 to the synchroscope8i. At the same time, current flows from the control line I03 throughswitch Hill to the synchroscope. This connects the synchroscope up toboth the distribution systern and the generator line causing thesynchroscope to operate in the usual manner.

The motor 83 is connected to the generator line and to the distributionline in exactly the same manner as the synchroscope 8I. The comnionterminal of the reactance and resistance I9, as stated, is connected tothe conductor H. The

terminal of the synchroscope 8I. In this manner,

the motor 63 operates in identically the same manner as the synchroscope8I. When the generator is out of phase with the distribution line, bothshafts 82 and 58 rotate. Rotation of shaft causes a rotation of cup 60which varies the tension on the spring 61 causing the governor to changethe speed of the generator and matching the frequencies of the generatorwith that of the distribution line. At the same time, rotation of theshaft 82 causes a timing of the controlling device 83, which operates toclose the circuit breaker as will now be described.

The coil 96 of circuit closer 95 is connected through a conductor 58with the lead I5 of line and through another conductor I9 with the 1 t2Before the circuit breaker 38 is circuit is established throughthis coiltransformer lDi, which energizes said and closes all of the switchesEll, This connects the synchronizing clung elements of the system tosources of power and causes forin their intended manner. As

vhich disconnects all the system. the controlling device 83 is edthrough a conductor I4 with switch corresponding contact 88 is connectedongh a conductor 25 with the coil I25 of a This relay is furtherprovided rch and a dash-pot I28 by means the closing of the switch isretarded. '5 of this relay is further connected onductcr 2G with thelead I5 of line ch i2? is connected through two coni and T8 with contact9 of circuit breaker ith the lead I8 of line I03. Conductor turn isconnected through a conductor 2| 5 of circuit breaker 38. which isconnected through the conductor 22 with e if; of line Hi3. When theshaft 82 travels enough, and when the segment 86 is in the properposition with respect to the contacts 81 and 8B, relay I26 is operatedwhich closes switch I21. This energizes coil 5 of circuit breaker 38closing the same and connecting the generator line B to the distributionsystem line A.

To cause the generator to take on load, a circuit comprising leads 33and 34 is employed of which the lead 34 is connected to the lead I5 ofwhich the lead 33 is connected to the contact In of the circuit breaker38. Contact 6 of this circuit breaker is connected through a conductor20, while contact 8 is similarly connected through a conductor 24 withthe same lead IS. The leads 33 and 34 are directly connected to the coil'II of solenoid 10, which is adapted to operate the toggle-linkagecomprising the link 65 and the bell crank 61. When the circuit breakercloses, the contact bar 4 connects contacts 8 and I together whichcompletes the circuit through leads 33 and 34, energizing coil ll andactuating the load pick-up device. This raises lever 64, increasing thetension on spring GI and causing the generator to take on load. By meansof this construction, the generator is caused to automati cally take onload as soon as the circuit breaker is closed. Through the adjustment ofcoupling I2, any predetermined amount of load can be procured so as togive the desired results. It will be noted that the cylinder 59 operatelifflr pendently of the cup 52. This does not di setting of the cup 52which remains i 3;

when the system was last synchronized. When the system is again to besynchronized. this memher is at a position very close to synchronousposition so that practically no further adjustment of the same isrequired. It hence becomes obvious that with the member 52 so disposed,that a relatively small amount of adjustment is required beforethesystem can be synchronized thereby greatly decreasing the timenecessary to synchronize the generator with the system.

In Figure 3 a modification of the invention has been shown. In thisfigure only a portion of the governor C is illustrated. However, in thisfigure the construction of the governor has been disclosed in furtherdetail than in Fig. l.

Th sleeve 48 in this form of the invention, which is enlarged at itslower end as indicated at MD, is slidably supported in a guide Illattached to the frame 49 of the governor. Portion itil oi the sleeveformed at its lower end with a, bore 142 in r 1 slidably mounted anothersleeve The the 153 and also through the sleeve I43, is connected tolever I44 by means 01' which the how of i' the opening and The sleeve M3is cm which is adapted to orig I47, which limits the H0 and theconsequential 0' controlled by the gover In the form of the inv. ionshown the toggle linkage for moving is slightly different. In Fig. 3 twol 148 are employed, which are pivoted cyl inder 59 and to the enlargedportion MB of sleeve 48. These two links are pivotally connected together and are further connected to a link 549 which projects outwardlythrough an opening I50 in the frame 49 of the governor proper. A bellcrank II pivoted to the frame 49 of the governor C is pivotallyconnected to the link I49 and to the plunger 69 of lenoid as in theother form of the inventi ate is procured. IQ a bracket Hi5 e nut M6 onthe rod cement of the sleeve wring of the gate in Fig. 3,

The governor C is further provided with a o ti 1 valves controlling Icompensating mechanism indicated in its entirety at I52. This mechanismcomprises a lever I53 pivoted at I54 to the governor frame 49. The leverI53 operates in a slot 154 in the sleeve portion I40. The other end ofthe lever I53 engages an eccentric cam I55 which is secured to a shaftI56 journaled in the frame I49. This shaft has attached to it a shortlever I51 which is adapted to be swung from a rod I58. Rod I58 isconnected to a member movable in proportion to the gate opening, and hasa movement proportioned to the movement of the piston operating to openand close the gate. The operation and function of the compensatingdevice I52 being well known and understood in the art, will not bedescribed in detail.

The governor C further includes a limit device which I have indicated inits entirety at I59. This device comprises a lever I60 which is pivotedto the governor frame 49 at I6I. One end of lever I60 extends into aslot I62 in sleeve I43 and passes freely through an opening I64 in theportion I40 of sleeve 48. Operating in conjunction with the lever I60 isanother lever I65 which serves as a stop for limiting the movement ofsaid lever I60. The lever I65 is pivoted on an eccentric shaft I66,which has attached to it an arm I61. Lever I65 is further supportedthrough an operating control lever I63 which is also pivoted to theframe 49 of the governor. The

lever I68 is provided with an adjusting screw I69 whereby adjustment oflever I65 with reference thereto may be had. The link I61 is connectedto an operating rod I10 which is connected and operated similarly to therod I58. In addition to the lever I68, a swinging arm "I is employedwhich carries a solenoid I12. This solenoid is provided with a plungerI13 which is pivotally connected to an arm I14 formed on the lever I68.When the solenoid I12 is energized, plunger I13 is brought into the sameand the two arms HI and I14 caused to move together. This swings leverI68 in such a manner as to engage lever I65 with lever I60, to limit thefluid imparted to the prime mover in accordance with the fluidavailable.

The arm I1I is adapted to be controlled through a float mechanismindicated in its entirety at I16. This mechanism comprises a receptacleI11 having a fioat I18 therein, which is connected through a float rodI19 with the end of ann Hi. The receptacle I11 is in communicationthrough a conduit I with the source of fluid supply for operating theprime mover for the generator. When the prime mover is a watcrwhoel orturbine, the receptacle I11 is situated at a suitable elevationcorresponding with the elevation of the water in the mill pond and thefloat I18 is caused to rise and fall in accord ance with the usual riseand fall of the water in the mill pond. When the power used is steam,the steam may be introduced through the conduit 80 and suitableresilient means provided to resist the movement of I18 which, in suchcase,

" becomes a piston operable in the receptacle I11.

Operating in conjunction with the float I18 is an over center switchindicated in its entirety at 2 I2. This switch comprises an arm 2I3pivoted to a bracket 2I4 carried by the receptacle I11. The arm 2I3 isadapted to make contact with either of the two contacts 2I5 or 2I6. Aspring H1 is connected to the arm 2I3 intermediate its length and alsotothe float rod I19. As the portion of rod I19 connected to this springpasses the pivot of the arm 2I3, said arm is swu g to alternately makecontact with the two contacts 2I5 or 2I6.

In Fig. 3 the generator line isindicated at B and the distribution lineat A, the same as in the form of invention shown in Fig. l, the phasesthereof being designated by numerals I, 2 and 3. The circuit breaker inthis case, however, is somewhat different and is indicated in itsentirety at I90. This circuit breaker comprises a plunger I82 which isslidably disposed within a coil I83 corresponding to the coil 5 of thedevice shown in Fig. 1 and connected to the system in much the samemanner. The plunger I83 operates the switches I84 which connect thegenerator line and distribution line together. The circuit breaker I isprovided with a normally open maintaining-circuit switch I9I, adapted tobe operated by the plunger I82. Upon the plunger I82 is mounted a latchI85, which is adapted to be engaged by a latch rod I86 forming theplunger of a latch magnet I81. The latch magnet I81 further includes acoil I88 and a normally opened switch I89, adapted to be operated byplunger I86. The switch I9I is connected through a conductor I92 withthe coil I86 of latch magnet I81. This switch is further connectedthrough a conductor I93 with phase 3 of the generator line A. The otherside of the coil I88 is connected through a conductor I94 with a switchI95 which in turn is connected through a conductor I96 with phase 2 ofthe generator line B. Switch I89 is connected through a conductor I91with phase 3 of the generator line B. and is further connected throughconductor I98 with coil 10, previously referred to. r

This coil is connected through a conductor I99 with phase 2 of thegenerator line A.

When the circuit breaker is closed through energization of the coil I83thereof, as described in conjunction with the invention as shown in Fig.l, plunger I82 is so manipulated as to close switch I9I. At the sametime, the latch lug I85 passes above the bar I86. Closure of switch I 9ienergizes the circuit through the coil I88 of latch magnet I81 whichdraws the plunger I86 thereof in a position to engage the latch lug I85.This holds the circuit breaker closed until the circuit through thelatch magnet I88 is normally opened,

through switch I95, which switch has much the same function as theswitch I I I in the other for of the invention. Operation of the latch xI61 closes switch I89 which energizes coil 0. This draws the plunger 69thereof into coil 18 and swings bell crank I5I in a manner to cause thelinks I41 and I48 to substantially straighten out, moving the cylinder58 upwardly and in creasing the tension on the spring 6I, so as to causethe governor to change the gate setting and cause thegenerator to takeon load.

In the operation of the power plant, it becomes desirable to connect thegenerator to the system when certain conditions arise. First of all,where a limited supply 01' water is available for the operation of theturbine, it becomes highly de-- sirabie to utilize the water only duringcertain periods when the power is most desired. For this purpose thefloat mechanism, indicated at I16, and a time controlled switch 200 areem ployed. This switch. comprises a clock or other suitable timecontrolled mechanism, indicated at 20I, such as is now well known in theart, and which is adapted to simultaneously move two switches 202 and203 at any predetermined time, for which the mechanism 20I may set. Thestarting solenoid I08 is the same as indicated in Cal ' line 205.

Fig. 1, and is operated to admit the flow oi fluid to the governor,through a valve mechanism 204 the same as in Fig. 1. For actuating thegovernor, a control line 205 is employed, which comprises leads 206 and201, adapted to be energized from any suitable source of electricalenergy. These leads have connected in them a switch 208 by means ofwhich the control circuit 205 may be connected to the source ofelectrical energy. The magnet I12, previously referred to, is connectedto the lead 201 through a conductor 209 and is further connected througha conductor 2! 0 with the switch 203. This switch is connected through aconductor 2i I, with another conductor 2| 9 which, in turn, is connectedwith lead 208 and with control line 205. The arm 2I3 and the switch 2I2is connected through a conductor 2i 8 with lead 206 of line 205. Theother switch 202 of the switch mechanism 200 is connected through aconductor 2I8 with the lead 206 of control line 205. The other side ofthis switch is connected through a conductor 220 with the solenoid I06,which is further connected through a conductor 22I with the other lead201 of The other contact 2I5 of the over center switch 2I2 is connectedthrough a conductor 222 with the conductor 220 previously referred to.

When the switch 208 is first closed, current may flow through solenoidI06 providing switch H2 is connected with the contacts 2I5, or providedswitch 202 is closed. It will be noted that switch 202 and the switchformed through contact 2I5 and the arm 2I3 are in parallel, and thateither of these switches may close the circuit through the solenoid I06.Upon closure 01' this circuit, the governor is actuated and thegenerator started. The contact 2 I6 of the over center switch 2i 2 isconnected through a conductor 223 with the conductor 2I0 as previouslyreferred to.

When the water in the mill pond is low, arm N3 is connected to contactH6, and a circuit completed through solenoid I12, which draws the armI68 in a position shown in Fig. 3, bringing the contacts I69 inengagement with lever I65, and limiting the operation of the governor tocause the generator to assume a predetermined load. Switch 203 is inparallel with the switch formed at contact 2| 6, and is a normallyclosed switch, which also maintains the circuit through the solenoid I12closed. If at a suitable time,

determined by the clock 20I, the elevation of the water in the mill pondis sufllcient to move arm 253 upwardly so as to break the contact withcontact 2I6, the switch 203 will then be open, and the circuit throughsolenoid I12 opened through both of these switches. Arm I68 then dropsand brings the screw I69 out of engagement with lever I65, permittingthe governor to control the load taken by the generator at apredetermined time of day.

Instead of operating the load pickup device electrically as illustratedin Figs. 1 and 3, the same results may be accomplished through asuitable fluid under pressure as for example, air,

or some suitable liquid. Such a system is illustrated in Fig. 4. In thisfigure, the governor construction is substantially the same as shown inFigs. 1 and 3 with the exception that the linkage 66-61 is omitted andthe lever 64 direct- 1y operated through the fluid control apparatus,and with the further exception that an adjustment may be had forcontrolling the movement of said lever 64 and the consequential loadingof the generator. In this case, @116 2 636; "1

is dispensed with and an arm 540, which is pivoted to the sleeve I40 ofthe governor previously described, is used. This arm is further pivotedto the frame 48 of the governor at 54I and is provided with a pluralityof adjusting holes 542. Instead of bracket I01, a link 543 is employedwhich may be pivoted to the arm 540 in any of the holes 542. This linkis further adapted to be pivoted in any of a number of holes 544 formedin lever 64. By selecting the proper holes in which to pivot link 543 toboth the lever 64 and lever 540, a more accurate adjustment of thegovernor can be had so that the loading of the generator can be mademore sensitive to the frequency change of the system. For the purpose ofillustration, the system shown in Fig. 4 has been described as operatedthrough a suitable liquid under pressure as for example, oil, or somesimilar liquid. In this form of the invention, a pressure tank 225 isemployed which contains a suitable liquid designated at 226. Thispressure tank is used in conjunction with a sump 228 which serves as asuitable reservoir for the oil used in this system. An outlet pipe 230connected with this sump is connected to a pump 228 which in turn isconnected through an inlet pipe 221 with the tank 225. When the pump 226is set in operation, which is preferably accomplished automatically, theoil is pumped from the sump or reservoir 228 and into the tank 225 wherea suitable pressure is maintained.

The two lines to be connected together are indicated at A and B the sameas in the other forms of the invention. The circuit breaker used forconnecting them together is designated at 38 and is the same as shown inFig. 1 and comprises a plunger 38 adapted to be operated by a coil 5.This circuit breaker further includes switches 40 the same as in theother form of the invention. In conjunction with the circuit breaker 38,a rotary valve 23I is employed which comprises a housing 232 formed witha circular bore 233 therein. In this bore is rotatably mounted a shaft234, which carries a valve head 235 formed with a portion 236 adapted toengage the wall of the bore 233. In the housing 232 are formed threeports 231, 238 and 238 which extend through the wall of the bore 233 andare spaced about the periphery thereof. A cylinder 240 is also used inconjunction with this form of the invention, which is constructed with abore 24I and in which is slidably mounted a piston 242. This piston hasattached to it a piston rod 243 which is guided through a cap 244attached to the end of the cylinder 240. The 1 piston rod 243 ispivotally connected to the lever 64 and serves to raise and lower thislever as the pressure within the cylinder 240 is increased or decreased.A compression coil spring 245 is disposed within the cylinder 240 and isseated between the cap 244 and the piston 242.

The cylinder 240 is connected through a pipe 246 with the port 238 ofvalve Hi. The port 239 of this valve is connected through a pipe 241with the tank 225 while the other port 231 of this valve is connectedthrough a pipe 248 with the reservoir 228. Shaft 234 has attached to itan arm 248 which is pivoted to the plunger 39 and which is adapted to beoscillated upon operation oi! the circuit breaker. When the circuitbreaker is opened as shown in the drawing, the portion 236 of valve head235 covers the port 239 and brings the two ports 238 and 231 intocommunication. This equalizes the pressure between the cylinder 240 andthe reservoir 229 permitting the spring 24I to force the piston 242downwardly and to discharge the surplus oil from said cylinder. When thecircuit breaker 38 closes, arm 249 is swung upwardly until the port 231is covered and the port 239 uncovered. This brings the port 238 intocommunication with the port 239 which directs the fluid under pressureto the cylinder 248 elevating piston rod 243 and swinging lever 64 toaccomplish the same result as when the solenoid 18 in the form of theinvention shown in Fig. l is operated.

When the generator is in operation, it becomes desirable to cut oil thefluid supply to the rotary valve 23I. For this purpose, a plunger typevalve 258 is employed which is inserted in the pipe 241. This valve hasa plunger 25I connected to an operating rod 252. A lever 253 is pivotedto a bracket 254 carried by cap 244 and also to the piston rod 243. Thislever is further pivotally connected through a sliding connection 255with the rod 252. The end of the piston rod 243 has formed on it a hook256 which is adapted to be engaged by a latch 251 to hold the rod 243 inits uppermost position. This latch is adapted to be unlatched by meansof a solenoid 258 which may be operated in any suitable manner.

The operation of the device shown in Fig. 4 is as follows: Normally thevalve member 235 is positioned as shown in Fig. 4 and the other partslikewise disposed. When the circuit breaker 38 is actuated, coil 5 drawsthe plunger 39 upwardly swinging lever 249 and oscillating the valvemember 235. This closes port 231 and brings ports 239 and 238 intocommunication. Fluid under pressure now travels from the tank 225through the valve 258 and pipe 241 to pipe 246 and into the cylinder248. This raises piston 242, swinging arm 64 upwardly and changing thetension on the spring 6| to cause the generator to take on load aspreviously described. At the same time, the hook 256 engages the latch251 and the piston rod 243 remains in its uppermost position holding thelever 64 in engagement with the flange 62 of the governor proper. Thegovernor then continues to operate and the generator to take on loaduntil the latch 251 is disengaged by the coil 258. At the same time,lever 253 is swung in a clockwise direction, which closes valve 25I andshuts oil the pressure on the valve 23I. from the hook 256, spring 245urges the piston 242 downwardly opening valve 258. If the circuitbreaker 39 is open, the 011 within the cylinder 248 is dischargedthrough pipe 248 and into the reservoir 229. If, on the other hand, thecircuit breaker is still closed, pressure is maintained in the cylinder248 and release of the rod 64 prevented.

The slotted connection 255 between the lever 253 and the'rod 252prevents the closing of valve 258 before hook 256 has been latched bythe latch 251. After the said hook has been latched, valve rod 252 maybe moved into closing position through its own force or through theforce of the spring operating the plunger 25I which would be greatlyretarded as compared with the operation of the piston 242 in cylinder248. This retardation gives ample time to latch the piston rod 243before the fluid pressure is shut oil.

The form of the invention shown in Fig. 5 is a modification of thatshown in Fig. 4 in which mechanical means are used to operate the lever64 instead of pressure controlled means. In this figure, two bell cranks268 and 26I are employed which are pivoted to suitable supports When thelatch 251 is disengaged and which are connected through an operatinglink 262.. The bell crank 268 is operated by the circuit breaker 38while the bell crank 26I is connected through a link 253 with the lever64. An adjustment 264 in this link serves to procure the desiredmovement of the lever 64. The operation of this device is substantiallythe same as that shown in Fig. 4. When the circuit breaker 38 goes in,the bell cranks 268 and 26I are simultaneously oscillated, raising link263 and swinging lever 64 in identically the same manner. When thecircuit breaker is opened, its actuating force and the spring 6I actingupon the linkage serve to move the lever 66 downwardly and restore thelinkage to its normal position as shown in Fig. 5.

In the operation of a number of generators, it becomes desirable to attimes out in certain generators when the power flowing through thedistribution system exceeds a predetermined amount. It also becomesdesirable to operate one or more of the generators only intermittentlyduring peak loads so as to conserve the water available in the millpond. In Fig. 6, I have shown a system having such characteristics andin which the generators are adapted to be loaded in accordance with theamount of power flowing in the distribution system.

In Fig. 6, the distribution system has been designated at A and thephases thereof by reference numerals I, 2 and 3. The two generatorstherefor are indicated at 265 and 266 and are driven by prime movers 261and 268, which in this form of the invention have been assumed to bewater turbines. The generators are connected to generator lines 269 and218 having phases I, 2 and 3.

Each of the generators 265 and 268 has its own governor for controllingthe operation of the respective prime movers 261 and 268, thesegovernors being designatedby the reference characters 21l and 212. Thegovernors are constructed in accordance with the usual practice and maybe the same as shown in Fig. 3. These governors are provided with amechanism for taking on load which is the same as that shown in Fig. 3and which includes a toggle linkage operated by the bell crank I5Ithrough solenoid 18 as in the other form of the invention. In thegovernors illustrated in Fig. 6, the devices for releasing the limitlever I65 are slightly different. In the governor 212, a limit lever I65is illustrated which extends completely across the governor frame orcase. On the said case is formed a lug 213 which has pivoted to it anL-shaped lever This lever carries a coil 215 which takes 214. the placeof the solenoid I12. The plunger 216 of this solenoid is pivoted toanother lever 211 which in turn is pivoted to the lever 214. The extremeend of this lever has secured to it an adjusting screw 218 which isadapted to engage the end of the lever I and to operate in a mannersimilar to the adjusting screw I69 to control the operation of thegovernor and release the limit lever I85. The arm 214 is connectedthrough a link 219 or some other suitable mechanical movement to a float288 which travels proportionally to the change in height of the water inthe mill pond.

The releasing mechanism for the limit lever I65 of governor 2 consistsof an arm 288a pivoted intermediate its length to a bracket 28I. Thislever is pivoted to the plunger 282 of a solenoid 283, which is attachedto a bracket 284 secured to the frame 49 of said governor. The lever288a is provided with an adjusting screw 236 which is adapted to engagethe end of the limit lever i65 in identically the same manner as theadjusting screw 2'18. Lever 2811a is urged to move in a direction tocause the adjusting 5 screw 266 to engage lever 165 by means of a relay...3 conductor spring 2815 and the movement thereof is limited throughanother adjusting screw 261 carried by the bracket 281.

For operating the loading solenoid 10 of governor 2 1i, a relay 288 isemployed. This relay comprises a coil a normally closed switch 290 and adash pot This relay 288 functions to permit of rapid. opening of switch290 and times the return movement of said return relay and the closingof said switch. The switch 298 is connected through a conductor 292 withthe phase 3 of the generator line 269 and through another conductor 293with the solenoid 111. The other terminal of this solenoid is connectedthrough a conductor 294 with phase 2 of the generator line 269. Coil 289of relay 288 is connected through a conductor 295 with phase 3 ofgenerator line 26a and is further connected through another conductor 2%with phase 3 of the distribution line A. Another conductor 291 connectsphase 2 of both the distribution line and the generator line together.in normal operation, current flows through the coil 239 of relay 288from the distribution system when the generator is not runi ning. When,however, the voltage of the generator becomes in phase with that of thedistribution line, relay 298 becomes deenergized and the switch closes.However, the closing of this switch is timed from the dash pot 291 so I5 that the final closing of said switch does not occur until after thecircuit breaker 298 has been closed. When this occurs, a circuit isestablished through the solenoid l9, which operates bell crank itilactuating the loading device and .o causing the generator 265 to take onload.

In the device for operating solenoid '10 of governor a relay 308 isemployed. This relay includes a coil a normally open switch 302 a dashpot Dash pot 363 functions in a 5 manner to time the closing of theswitch 302 and at the same time permits of rapidly opening said switch.The coil is connected through a conductor wi l with phase i of thegenerator line 218 and is further connected through a conductor withphase of distribution line A. The

zch if is connected through conductor 338 h phase 3) of generator lineand through another conductor 31?; with solenoid W. The other terminalof solenoid id is connected through 3213 with phase 2 of the generatorll. tses S; of the generator line 2'18 and distribution line A areconnected together through a conductor t having a resistance Bidtherein.

The relay is designed to operate on a voltage equal to that of thegenerator plus that of the line voltage. Before circuit breaker 299 isclosed, the resistance shunting the circuit breaker ing phase 2 oi thedistribution line and r line, prevents the operation of relay as thecircuit breaker closes, re

breaker and the normally operating voltage applied to the coi Thiscauses the relay 309 to function ag nst the actuation of the timing odevice Zillil. A the lapse of a certain length of time switch is closedenergizing solenoid 'iii and operating the load pickup device.

-For procuring the release of limit lever 165 of both governors ill and22. a power operated idicated Elli employed. This relay comprises acurrent coil 312 and a potential coil 313 which operate a moving arm 314adapted to contact with either of two fixed contacts 315 and 316. Inconjunction with this relay, two other relays 311 and 318 are employed.Relay 311 comprises a coil 319, a normally closed switch 321), and twonormally open switches 321 and 121. Relay 318 comprises a coil 322 and anormally closed switch 324.

For energizing the various switches and relays above referred to, acontrol line 325 is employed having two busses 321 and 328. A switch 329operates to connect the control line 325 to any suitable source ofelectrical energy. The various parts are connected as follows: Currentcoil 312 of relay 3H is connected to two conductors 3311 and 331 with acurrent transformer 332 mounted in phase 3 of the distribution line A.The potential coil 313 of this relay is connected to two conductors 333and 334 with phases 2 and 3 of.said distribution line. When the powerreaches a predetermined minimum, arm 314 is in contact with'the fixedcontact 315. When, however, the power reaches a predetermined maximum,arm 314 is brought into contact with contact 316. It is to be understoodthat these contacts may be adjusted so that the minimum and maximum maybe regulated to meet with the requirements. The arm 314 of relay 31 1 isconnected through a conductor 335 with bus 327 of the line 325. Thefixed contact 315 is connected through a conductor 338 with the coil 322of relay 318 which in turn is connected through a conductor 346 with theother bus 328 of the control line 325. The contact 316 is connectedthrough a conductor 33! with switch 324, which in turn is connectedthrough a conduc tor 338 with coil 319 of relay 311. This coil isfurther connected through a conductor 339 with conductor 346 which aspreviously described leads to the bus 328 of line 325. Switches 320 and321 are connected together and to the bus 327 through a conductor 3411.Switch 321 is further connected through a conductor 341 with switch 121.This switch is connected to conductor 33! through conductor 322. Switch3211 is connected through a conductor 342 with solenoid 2'15 whose otherterminal is connected through a conductor 343 with bus 328 of line 325.

In the operation of the relay 31 1, the following circuits are closed.In nor; al operation where the amount of power f10'\ through thedistribution line A is below the prescribed minimum at which the contact315 is closed, arm 314 is in engagement therewith. Under suchcircumstances when the switch 329 is closed, current would immediatelyflow through conductor 335, arm 314, contact 315, conductor 336, coil318, conductor 346 and baclt to the bus 326 of the generator line 325.This would open the normally closed switch 324 and dep e the relay 311of energy. Such condition nues until an amount of power flows in thedistribution system to move arm 314, When this occurs, arm 314 moves outof engagement with contact 315. This immediately deenergizes the coil322 of relay 318 which causes switch 324 to close. As the power in thedistributlon line A continues to increase, arm 314 moves toward contact316 and into engagement therewith. Anew circuit is then established.Current flows from bus 327 through conductors 335, arm I ergizing ofrelay 3|1 opens switch 320 which breaks the circuit through solenoid215. There- .ipOl'l spring 341 raises lever 211 and releases the:djusting screw 218 to free the limit lever I65. the same time actuationof solenoid 3|1 closes switches 32| and HI which provides amaintaincircuit for maintaining relay coil 3|9 eneri ,gized. Theseswitches are in parallel with the switch formed between the arms 3 and3|6 and when the power commences to decrease in the distribution line A,said switches maintain relay 3|1 actuated. When the arm 3 again reachesthe contact 3| 5, current is again re-established through coil 322 andthe switch 324 opened. This deenergizes relay 3|1 bringing the partsback to normal position.

For operating the solenoid 283, a time controlled switch mechanism 348is employed. This mechanism comprises a clockwork 349 or other suitabletiming device adapted to close a switch 350 at any desired time of day.In conjunction therewith, a relay 35| is employed which comprises a coil352, a normally open switch 353 and a normally closed switch 354. Thisrelay also comprises a timing device 355, which times both the openingand closing of both the switches 353 and 354. The switch 35| may be ofany suitable type and operates so that switching does not occur untilthe plunger of the switch reaches its two extreme positions. In thismanner, double timing is procured so that a greater length of time ishad between the opening andthe closing of the switches. These variousparts are connected together as follows:

Solenoid 283 is connected through a conductor 356 with bus 328 of thecontrol line 325. The other side of this solenoid is connected through aconductor 351 with switch 353 and also through a conductor 358 withswitch 350. Also switches 350 and 353 are connected through conductors359 and 360 with the bus 321 of the control line 325. The switch 354 ofrelay 35| is connected through a conductor 36| with conductor 331-leading from contact 3I6 of the relay 3| This switch is furtherconnected through a conductor 362 with coil 352 which in turn isconnected through a conductor 363 with bus 328. Switch 354, being anormally closed switch, completes a circuit through coil 352 as soon ascontact 3 I6 is engaged by the arm 3 4. When this occurs, current flowsfrom bus 321 through conductor 335, arm 3|4, contact 3|6, conductor 331,conductor 36|, switch 354, conductor 362, coil 352, conductor 363, andback to bus 328. This energizes relay 35| opening switch 354 and closingswitch 353 after a lapse of a predetermined length of time, controlledby the dash pot or other timing device 355. Closure of switch 353 closesanother circuit. Commencing with bus 321, current flows throughconductor 359, switch 353, coil 263,conduetor 356 and back to bus 328. Anormally operating spring 286 holds adjusting screw 285 into engagementwith the limit lever I65. Energization of solenoid 283 causes the lever280 to be swung in opposition to the spring and the limit lever to befreed from said adjusting screw. The generator 265 is then caused toassume maximum load. It so continues to operate until the dash pot 355permits relay 35| to reach normal position. As soon as switch 354 isopened, coil 352 is deenergized and the relay commences to return tonormal in opposition to the dash pot 355. When the switch 354 is closedand the switch 353 opened, the reverse procedure takes place and theintermittent feeding of power by the generator 265 to the distributionline is procured. If desired, the generator 265 can be caused to deliverpower at any predetermined time of day independently of the relay 3|This is accomplished by the time controlled switch mechanism 348 whichcloses switch 358 and completes a circuit through solenoid 263energizing said solenoid and maintaining it energized until the clockmechanism 343 opens switch 350.

In Fig. 6, a system was shown in which the generator was caused tochange loading between predetermined maximum and minimum limits inaccordance with maximum and minimum flow of power from the distributionsystem. If desired, a gradual adjustment of the governor may be had toprocure proportional assumption of load by the generator to the powerflowing in the. distribution system. In Figs. 7 to 12, one such systemis illustrated. In this system the generator distribution line andgovernor are the same as in Fig. 6 and the same reference charactershave been used to designate the similar various parts thereof. The loadpickup device of the governor is, however, adjusted in a slightlydifferent manner as will now be described.

To the exterior of the case or frame 43 of governor 212, is attached abracket 364. This bracket has pivoted to it, a swinging arm 365 whichextends inwardly into the frame 49 and engages the cap 41 attached tospeeder rod I08. This arm is held in engagement with said cap 41 througha tension coil spring 361 which is attached at one end to said arm andat its other end to another arm 368 also pivoted to bracket 364. Areversible motor 369, mounted on said bracket operates a screw 310 bymeans of which the arm 368 may be raised and lowered to vary the springtension of the spring 361. This con struction is shown in detail inFigs. 8, 9 and 10. The screw 310 is Journaled in a bearing 31| formed onbracket 364 which bearing is of such a construction as to precludelongitudinal movement of said screw. At two localities on the screw 310are formed nuts 312 and 313 which are secured thereto through pins 314and which serve as stops for limiting the movement of the arm 368. Thescrew 310 is threaded intermediate the stops 312 and 313, which portionhas screwed upon it, a nut 315 shown in detail in Fig. 9.

The nut 315 is provided with an annular groove 316 and has a splitsleeve 311 surrounding the same, which sleeve is constructed of springmaterial and frictionally engages the periphery of said nut to form aclutch in conjunction therewith. Nut 315, together with sleeve 311, isfreely received in a suitable opening in arm 368 and is held in placetherein through a set screw, not shown, which is threaded in the arm 368and which is disposed within a space 318 formed between the ends of thesplit sleeve 311. This set screw holds the nut 315 from rotation so thatrotation of the screw 310 raises and lowers arm 368 to vary the springtension in the spring 361.

The motor 369 carries a worm 380 which meshes with a worm wheel 319 faston the screw 310. As the motor 369 operates in opposite directions,screw 310 is turned one way or the other to raise or lower the arm 368.The two stops 312 and 313 are each provided with a pin 38I which isadapted to engage corresponding pins 382 on the nut 315 when the screwis screwed so that these stops reach their extreme positions. When thisoccurs, the pins 38I rotate the nut 315 through engagement with pins 312thereby preventing the further advance of the lever. When this occurs,the nut slips in the sleeve 311 and so continues until the motor 369 isreversed. In this manner, injury to the parts is prevented and themechanism is at all times in condition to function and definite limitsof adjustment of the arm, 368 can be established.

During the synchronizing of the generator 266, it becomes desirable tofree the governor from the action of spring 361 so that the matching ofspeeds may take place in the customary manner. For this purpose asolenoid 382 is employed whose plunger 383 is pivoted to a lever 384.Lever 384 is pivoted to bracket 364 and is further pivotally connectedto a rod 385 which passes through the arm 365 and is formed with a head386 at the end thereof. When solenoid 382 is energized, lever 384 isswung upwardly and a head 386 of rod 385 caused to depress arm 365disengaging the same from cap 41. The governor may then be used forsynchronizing purposes as is well known in the art. Solenoid 382 may beenergized through the relay 95 shown in Fig. 1 by the addition of anappropriate switch thereto and an operating circuit therefor. Theprecise manner of operating the same, forming no particular feature ofthe in vention has not been illustrated in this drawing.

Adjustment of the governor to cause the generator to assume a loadproportional to the power flowing in the distribution line is procuredthrough the motor 369 and spring 361. This motor is controlled through apower responsive device 381, and two current responsive devices 388 and389. These devices will now be described in detail.

The power responsive device 381 is of the nature of an indicating wattmeter and since such construction is well known in the art, the detailsthereof have not been illustrated. This device is formed with a pointeror hand 390 which is adapted to be carried by a shaft 396 and oscillatedbetween certain limits in the customary manner. This device furtherincludes the usual current coils and potential coils so that the samemay be operated by three phase power. For operating the power responsivedevice 381, two current transformers 39I are employed which areconnected to the phases I and 3 of the distribution line A. Thesetransformers are connected through suitable conductors 392 with thecurrent coils of said device. In addition, a 3 phase potentialtransformer 393 is employed which is connected through conductors 394with the distribution line and through conductors 395 with the potentialcoils of the device 381. When current flows in the distribution line A,the hand 390 of this device moves a distance varying with the currentfiowing.

The current responsive device 388 may be in the nature of an ammeter ofordinary construction and is provided with a shaft 391 which carries ahand 398 similar to the hand 390. An extension on shaft 391, indicatedat 399 carries a contact finger 400, which is adapted to contact witheither of two spaced contacts MI and 402 carried by the hand 390 andinsulated therefrom. When the hand 390 moves in a clockwise direction asviewed in the figure, contact 40I engages contact 400. When the hand 398moves in a clockwise direction, contact 400 is brought into engagementwith contact 402 and the reverse is true for both of these hands.

The current responsive device 389 is identical with the currentresponsive device 388 and is likewise constructed with a hand 406 havinga contact finger 404 thereon the same as the contact finger 400. Thiscontact finger is adapted to engage either of two contacts 405 or 406spaced and insulated from one another and attached to an arm 401 carriedby the limit lever shaft [66 of the governor proper. This shaft, aspreviously described, supports the limit lever I65 through an eccentriccam 409. The shaft I66 also has attached to it, arm I61 which aspreviously described was connected through the operating rod I10 movedby a structure of the governor movable in accordance with the gateopening. As the gate opens, the arm I61 is raised causing the arm 401 tomove clockwise and the contact 406 to become engaged with the contact404. In like manner closing of the gate causes engagement with the othercontact 405.

The contacts controlled through the power responsive device 381 and thecurrent responsive device 388 control circuits which operate two relays4 I 2 and 4 I 3. These relays receive power from a suitable energizingline 449 comprising leads 4I4-4I5 which may be connected to a source ofpower through a switch 416. The relay 4 I 2 comprises a coil M1 and anormally open switch 4I8, the relay 4 I 3 comprising a coil 4 I 9 and anormally open switch 420. In addition to these relays two limit switchesHI and 422 are employed which are normally closed and which are adaptedto be opened by a finger 423 movable between these switches through ascrew 424. A nut 425 on the finger 423 is advanced through the screw 424by rotation thereof. Screw 424 is driven in either direction by areversible motor 426 whose shaft is connected to the screw 424 throughsuitable gearing or other driving mechanism not shown in the drawings.The finger 423 carries a sliding contact 421 which is adapted to engagea variable resistance 428 and to vary the resistance thereof as the nut425 is moved along the screw 424. A hand operated variable resistance429 is also employed and a manually controlled double throw switch 430used to disconnect the operating mechanism from the device to beoperated, and to switch from manual operation to automatic operation.

The various parts are connected together as follows: The powerresponsive device 381 is connected to the line A as previouslyexplained. Between the two current responsive devices 388 and 389 is aline 43I-432. The side 432 of this line is directly connected to one ofthe terminals of the current responsive device 386 and to one of theterminals of the current responsive device 389. The other side 43! ofthis line is connected to the current responsive device 389 andindirectly connected to the current responsive device 388 through theresistance 428. This side is further connected to the lead 4I4 of thecontrol line 449. The other lead 4I5 of the control line is directlyconnected through a conductor 433 with the contact 421 on finger 423.The other terminal of the current responsive device 388 is connectedthrough a conductor 434 with switch 430 which is connected through aconductor 434,-

with the variable resistance 429. This resistance is connected through aconductor 436 with energizing line 449, which is employed for energizingthe various current responsive devices. Resistance 428 is also connectedto the switch 430.

The two relays 412 and 413 are connected as follows: A conductor 431leads from thecontact finger 401 to the coil 411 of relay 412. This coilis further connected through a conductor 438' with the lead 415. Thecoil 419 is similarly connected through a conductor 439 with contactfinger 402 and through a conductor 440 with lead 4 I 5. Contact finger400 is connected through a conductor 441 with the two sides 431 and 414of the lines previously referred to. The switch 418 of relay 412 isconnected through a conductor 442 with lead 4 I 4 and through theconductor 443 with limit switch 422. This limit switch is connectedthrough a conductor 444 with one of the terminals of motor 426 whosecommon terminal is connected through a conductor 445 with the lead 415.Switch 420 is connected through conductor 446 with lead 414 and isfurther connected through a conductor 441 with the limit switch 421.Limit switch 421 is connected through a conductor 448 with the otherterminal of motor 426.

The contacts on the current responsive device 389 are connected asfollows: The contact finger 404 is connected through a conductor 451with a potential transformer 452 energized from the generator line B.This transformer is further connected through a conductor 453 with thecommon terminal of the motor 361. The other two terminals of the motor469 are connected through conductors 454 and 455 with the fingers 406and 405 respectively.

The operation of the invention is as follows: When it is desired toprocure automatic control, switch 430 is first thrown in the directionconnecting resistance 428 to the conductor 434 which at the same timedisconnects the resistance 429 from said conductor. When power in theline A is changing, the hand 390 of the power responsive device 381moves in one direction or the other, depending on whether the power isincreasing or decreasing. Assuming that the flow of power in the line Ais increasing, hand 390 will be assumed to travel in a clockwisedirection. This will cause contact finger 401 to engage contact 400 andwill complete the following circuit: Starting with lead 415, currentfiows through conductor 438, coil 411 of relay 412, conductor 431.contact finger 401, contact 400, conductor 441 and back to the otherside 414 'of the line, furnishing current for this device. This operatesrelay 412 for closing switch 418. A new circuit is then established.Commencing with the lead 414 of line 449, current flows throughconductor 442, switch 418, conductor 443, limit switch 422, conductor444, motor 426 and conductor 445 back to the line. This energizes motor426 and causes the same to rotate in a direction to move the finger 423toward the right. When switch 430 is closed, the following circuit isestablished. Commencing with the lead 415 of line 449, current flowsthrough conductor 433, contact 421, resistance 428, switch 430,conductor 434, current responsive device 388, lead 432 of control line450, current responsive device 389, lead 431 of said control line andback to the lead 414. Movement of the finger 423 shunts out a portion ofthe resistance 428 which increases the current fiowing in the currentresponsive device 388. This causes a movement of the shaft 391 of saiddevice in a clockwise direction, until the finger 400 has moved awayfrom the contact 401 and the circuit through relay 411 open. When thisoccurs, motor 426 is deenergized and the nut 425 and finger 423 remainin their last position. The increase of current through the currentresponsive device 388 similarly causes an increased flow of current inthe control line 450 and the current responsive device 389. This causesthe contact 404 to move in a. clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 11and to close the following circuit. Commencing with transformer 452 acircuit is completed through conductor 451, contact finger 404, contact406, conductor 454, motor 369 and conductor 453. Motor 369 is nowenergized and rotates to operate gearing 319 and 380 which rotates shaft310 and swings the lever 368 upwardly. This increases the tension ofspring 361 which complements the action of spring 61 and causes theopening of the gate for the prime mover 268 of generator 266. As thegate opens, arm 161 is moved by the gate controlling mechanism and shaft166 rotated. Such movement continues until the arm 401 carrying fingers405 and 406 is moved out of engagement with contact 404. The circuitthrough motor 369 is then broken and the parts come to rest. Thegovernor C is at such time taking fiuid proportional to the powerflowing in the distribution line A. The generator then continues to sooperate until a change of fiow of power in the distribution line Aoccurs and the hand 390 is moved in one direction or the other to againcause a re setting of the governor as previously explained. Although themotor 369 has been shown as directly connected through the contactfingers 404, 405 and 406 it can readily be comprehended that this motormay be connected through an auxiliary relay if desired. In the eventthat excessive power flows in the line A or in the event that an amountof power flows below a predetermined minimum. finger 423 engages eitherof the fingers 421 or 422 as the case may be and opens the particularcircuit through motor 426 stopping the movement of said finger in suchdirection. The device can then only be further operated by a reversal ofpower sufficient to again close this limit switch or in the event thatthe device is manually controlled through switch 430.

It can readily be comprehended that any type of current responsivedevice may be used as for example temperature operated devices or thelike and a compensating motor mechanism may be used for moving thecontacts in the same manner as an indicating instrument.

In the system shown in Fig. '7, the governor is caused to admitadditional fluid to the prime mover in accordance with the changes inpower flowing in the distribution line. In the form of the inventionshown in Fig. 13, a similar system is illustrated in which the generatoris caused to deliver a predetermined amount of power proportionate tothe power flowing in the distribution line. In this system the currentresponsive device 389 and the contacts cooperating therewith areassociated with another power responsive device 455 identical with thepower responsive device 361. This device includes a shaft 456 whichcarries the arm 401 and the fingers 405 and 406. The motor 369 issomewhat differently connected to control the operation of the governorin this form of the invention. This motor is attached to a bracket 451which is secured to the frame or case 49 of the governor C. lhis motorhas attached to the armature shaft thereof a spur pinion 458 whichmeshes with a spur gear 459. The gear 459 is threaded and screws upon ascrew 460 slidably mounted in the bracket 451. The lower end of thescrew 460 is provided with a slot 46I in which a pin 462 on the limitlever I65 is movable. As the screw 460 is raised and lowered, thisstructure operates upon the limit lever in much the same manner as thedevice described in Figs. 3 or 6, excepting that a gradual limiting ofthe movement of this lever is had instead of a movement between fixedlimits as disclosed in said 118- ures. Gear 459 is preferablyfrictionally driven from the motor 369 so as to prevent injury to theparts in the event that the threads of the screw of gear 459 reacheither end of the screw 460 and in the event any of the parts becomelocked and so prevent rotation of pinion 458. This construction is shownin detail in Fig. 14. Fixed to the motor shaft 41 I is a hub 412 whichcarries two or more spring fingers 413 which are adapted to frictionallyengage a hub 414 attached to the pinion 456. This pinion and its hubtravels freely upon the shaft 45I and are held in place by the fingers413 and driven therethrough. When looking of the gear 458 occurs throughany reason whatsoever, the shaft 413 slips and no harm is done.

In conjunction with the operation of the motor 369, two limit switches463 and 464 are employed which are connected in the two conductors 454and 455 and which operate in identically the same manner as limitswitches "I and 422. A finger 465 on the end of screw 460 operates theselimit switches the same as the finger 423.

The power responsive device 455 is connected to the generator line B. Anumber of conductors 466 connect the current coil of this device to thecurrent transformer 461 which in turn is connected to phases I and 3 ofsaid generator line. Other conductors 468 connect the potential coil ofthis device to a transformer 469 which is con nected to the generatorline through conductor 410.

The operation of this system is almost the same as that shown in Fig.'7, excepting that the switch through contacts 405 and 406 does not opento shut off the motor until a predetermined amount of power flows in thegenerator line. When this occurs, the hand 401 on the watt meter shaft456 is so moved that the contacts 405 and 406 are disengaged fromcontact 404 and the motor 369 stopped.

In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 13, identically the same loadpick-up device as illustrated in Fig. 6 may be employed.

Where ordinary ammeters and watt meters are utilized as the responsivedevices 381, 388, 389 and 455, the usual pointers or hands employedtherewith may be used and appropriately calibrated scales employed ifnecessary so that the said devices will indicate the power flowing inthe generator line and in the distribution system line.

In the event that the power flowing in the distribution line Afluctuates fairly rapidly so as to produce a pulsating effect, it wouldbe undesirable to repeatedly operate the governor to cause the change ofdelivery of power by the generator. Toward this end, the two relays H2and 3 are provided with dash pots or other timing devices 415 and 416which are adapted to retard the closing of the switches M8 and 420.

In Figs. l6, l7 and 18 I have shown a form of my invention in which thecontrol and operation of the system may be had through means other thanthe centrifugal governor illustrated in the previous drawings.

In Fig. 16, a generator 480 has been shown driven from a water turbine48 I, through a shaft 482. The generator 480 is connected to thegenerator line 13, whose phases are indicated at I, 2, and 3. Thisgenerator line is adapted to feed into the distribution line A, thephases of which are designated at l, 2 and 3. The circuit breaker isindicated' at 38 and consists of switches 40, its operating coil 5 andanother switch 483. The method of operating the circuit breaker 38through its coil 5 can be identical with that shown in Fig. 1 and hashence not been illustrated in this drawing or described.

The pipe for delivering water to the turbine 48I is indicated at 484 andhas connected in it a valve 485 shown in detail in Fig. 18. This valvecomprises a body 486 provided with a partition 481 therein dividing saidbody into two compartments 488 and 489 communicating with the twoportions of the pipe 484 with which the valve is connected. A valve stem490 is slidably mounted in a guideway 49I formed in a head 492 securedto the body 486 through a cap 493. A bracket 494 is secured to the head492 through a nut 495 and supports an arm 496 which is pivoted thereto.Arm 496 is pivotally connected through a connector 491 with the valvestem 490 and serves to open and close valve 502 as the said arm is swungabout its pivot on bracket 494. The valve stem 490 is provided with twovalve heads 498 and 499 adapted to seat in corresponding seats in thepartition 481 so as to form a balanced valve operating to cut off orcontrol the fluid through the pipe 484 and into the turbine 48I. Thevalve 485 is operated through a solenoid 500 which serves the samepurpose as the solenoid H in the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1and Fig. 2.

By-passing the valve 485 is a branch pipe 50I which has in it a valvepipe 502 similar to the valve 485 which is operated through a solenoid503 in identically the same manner as the valve 485. This valve has thesame function as the valve operated by solenoid I06 in Fig. 1 and thesolenoid 503 serves the same function as said solenoid I06. This branchpipe also contains another valve 504 which is shown in detail in Fig.17. Valve 504 comprises a body 505 which is provided with a partition506 having an opening therein and dividing the valve into twocompartments 501 and 508 communicating with the two portions of pipe 50Iconnected to said valve. The said valve is further constructed with avalve stem 509 similar to the valve stem 490 and guided and supported inidentically the same manner. This valve stem is provided with a needlepoint 5I0 whereby the accurate flow of fluid through the valve 504 maybe procured.

Operating in conjunction with the valve 504 is a pressure responsivedevice 5II which comprises a cylinder 5I2 having a piston 5I3reciprocable therein. The end of the cylinder 5l2 is closed through acap 5 I4. A pipe 5I5 is connected to the cylinder 5I2 and also to thesource of fluid which may be through the pipe 50I previously referred toand illustrated in Fig. 16. Piston 5I3 has connected to it a piston rod5I6 which operates through a guide 5I1 in the end wall 510 of cylinder5I2. Between the end wall 510 of this cylinder and the piston 5I3 is acompression coil spring 5I8 which encircles the piston rod 5l6 and whichurges the said piston 5I3 toward the cap 5 I 4. The extreme end of thepiston rod 5I6 is threaded as designated at 5I9, which threaded end isscrewed into the bore 520 of an elongated worm 52I. The valve stem 509and the piston rod 5l6 are disposed in alignment and the said valve stemis rigidly secured to the gear 52l within one end of the bore 520thereof. The worm wheel 52l may be rotated through a worm 522 which isdriven through a motor 523. Motor 523 has the same function as the motor63 of the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1 and serves to procure anadjustment between the needle valve 5 I and its seat in conjunction withthe operation of the piston H3.

The solenoid 503 is connected through a suitable circuit 524 which isenergized and controlled in exactly the same manner as the circuit ll5of the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1. The solenoid 500 isconnected through a conductor 525 with switch 403, which in turn isconnected with a conductor 52'! to a relay 525 corresponding with relay30. The relay 520 is connected with a centrifugally operated switch 520controlled through the shaft 482. This switch is connected through aconductor 530 with the phase I of the distribution line B. Phase 2 oithis distribution line is connected through a conductor I with thesolenoid 500.

The operation oi this form of the invention is as follows: Solenoid 503which corresponds to solenoid I06 is first energized by closure ofcircuit 524 which corresponds with the closing of switch Ill. Valve 502is then opened and water fiows through the pipe 5M and through the valve504. The water is then conducted through pipe 484 and into the turbine48l energizing the same. The generator is then brought up to a speedsomewhat nearer synchronous speed. Synchronization of the generator isaccomplished through a synchronizing device shown in Fig. 1 whichrotates in one direction or the other depending upon whether or not thegenerator is above or below synchronous speed. During its rotation, theworm 522 is rotated which causes the piston rod 5l6 to be moved. Thismoves the needle point 5|0 into or out of the valve causingan increaseor decrease in the amount of water delivered to the generator. In thismanner, speed matching is procured and the generator brought up tosynchronous speed. At synchronism, the synchronizing device actuatescoil 5 and closes the circuit breaker connecting the generator to thedistribution system. Upon closure of the circuit breaker, switch 483 isclosed, which completes the circuit through solenoid 500. This opensvalve 485 letting in additional water to operate the turbine48l.Solenoid 500 operates to place load upon the generator and the amount ofthis load is preferably determined in advance though if desired theadjustment can be had between the lever 496 and the valve stem 490.

The amount of water delivered to the turbine 48l is controlled throughthe amount of water available at the source or through the pressure ofthe water in the pipe 50I. Cylinder 5l2 comes into play in this respect.When the head or pressure is low, the piston 513 moves toward the rightthrough the actuation of spring 5! and the valve 504 is further opened.When the head of the water is high, less water is needed to run theturbine and the pressure of the water acts upon piston 5l3 to throttledown the valve 504 and cause the right amount of water to enter theturbine. In this manner, the control of the generator is badindependently of the pressure of the system or the head of the waterused for controlling the same. At the same time, the generator can bemaintained at a constant speed independent 01 the pressure of the wateravailable.

Although I have described the form of the in vention shown in Figs. 16,17 and 18 as applicable to water, it can readily be comprehended thatthe same can be also used for steam plants.

Changes in the specific form of my invention, as herein disclosed, maybe made within the scope of what is claimed without departing from thespirit of my invention.

Having described my invention what I claim as new and desire to protectby Letters Patent is:

1. In combination with a distribution system and a generator forsupplying electrical energy thereto, a circuit breaker for connectingsaid generator to the distribution system, a prime mover for saidgenerator, a governor for said prime mover including a speed controlmember for controlling the speed of said prime mover, an adjustingmember movable between fixed limits for adjusting the operation of saidspeed control member to vary the load taken by said generator, and fluidoperated means for moving said adjusting member from one limit to theother.

2. In combination with a distribution system and a generator forsupplying electrical energy thereto, a circuit breaker for connectingsaid generator to the distribution system, a prime mover for saidgenerator, a governor for said prime mover including a speed controlmember for controlling the speed of said prime mover, an adjustingmember movable between fixed limits for adjusting the operation of saidspeed control member to vary the load taken by said generator, fluidoperated means for moving said adjusting member from one limit to theother, and a valve operated by the circuit breaker for actuating saidfiuid operated means.

3. In combination with a distribution system, and a generator forsupplying electrical energy thereto, a circuit breaker for connectingsaid generator to the distribution system, a prime mover for saidgenerator. a governor for said prime mover including a speed controlmember for controlling the speed of said prime mover, an adjustingmembermovable between fixed limits for adjusting the operation of saidspeed control member to vary the load taken by said generator, and alinkage connected to said adjusting member and operated by the circuitbreaker for moving said adjusting member from one limit to the other.

4. In combination with a distribution system and a generator forsupplying electrical energy thereto, a prime mover for said generator,means for controlling the admission of driving medium to said primemover, means for connecting the generator to the system at apredetermined relative electrical condition of the generator and system,first means for adjusting said controlling means for bringing said primemover and generator to said predetermined relative electrical conditionpreliminary to connection to the system, and second means for adjustingsaid controlling means independently of its adjustment by said firstmeans and including actuating devices responsive to the load demand ofsaid system.

5. In combination with a distribution system and a generator forsupplying electrical energy thereto, a prime mover for saidgenerator,-means for controlling the admission of driving medium to saidprime mover, means for connecting the generator to the system at apredetermined relative electrical condition of the generator and system,first means for adjusting said controlling means for bringing said primemover and generator to said predetermined relative electrical

